One of the Most Famous Temples Associated with Chhath Puja in Bihar: Deo Surya Mandir
Chhath Puja is one of the most significant and ancient Hindu festivals celebrated primarily in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh. This festival is unique in its reverence to Surya Dev (the Sun God) and Chhathi Maiya, with rituals involving offerings to the setting and rising sun. Chhath Puja is not only a reflection of deep-rooted spirituality but also a symbol of environmental consciousness and devotion to natural elements. The celebrations are grand, with numerous ghats and temples hosting devotees, but among all these places, one temple stands out—the Deo Surya Mandir in the Aurangabad district of Bihar. Known for its historical and religious significance, this temple is a focal point for thousands of devotees during Chhath Puja.
In this blog, we will explore the rich history, architecture, and significance of Deo Surya Mandir, and why it remains a key destination for Chhath Puja celebrations in Bihar.
Historical Significance of Deo Surya Mandir
The Deo Surya Mandir is not just any temple; it holds a revered place in the heart of devotees. According to historical records, the temple is believed to have been constructed around the 8th century, during the reign of the Chandravanshi kings. The legend associated with the temple narrates how the king, who suffered from leprosy, prayed to Surya Dev for his recovery. After years of devotion and prayer, the king was miraculously cured, prompting him to build the temple in honor of the Sun God.
Another interesting aspect of the temple’s history is that it remains west-facing, unlike most Hindu temples that face east. The west-facing design holds special significance during Chhath Puja, where devotees offer prayers to the setting sun (as well as the rising sun), which is believed to bring them good health, prosperity, and happiness.
The Importance of Chhath Puja in Bihar
Chhath Puja is more than just a religious observance; it is an embodiment of the culture and traditions of Bihar. The four-day festival celebrates the setting and rising sun, and the rituals performed are believed to purify the soul, promote well-being, and bring prosperity. The festival’s uniqueness lies in its environmental consciousness, as devotees gather near rivers, ponds, and lakes, offering prayers to Surya Dev while standing in water.
In Bihar, particularly, the festival holds a special place in the hearts of people. Many Biharis living outside the state return to their hometowns to celebrate Chhath with their families. While ghats along the Ganga River in Patna, like Adalat Ghat and Collectorate Ghat, witness massive crowds, the Deo Surya Mandir in Aurangabad stands as a temple where devotees from across the country come to worship.
The Rituals of Chhath Puja at Deo Surya Mandir
The rituals of Chhath Puja at Deo Surya Mandir follow a sacred order that is strictly adhered to by the devotees. The puja takes place over four days, each day carrying its own significance.
1. Nahai Khai (Day 1)
The festival begins with the ritual called Nahai Khai, which translates to “bath and eat.” Devotees take a holy dip in a nearby water body, often a river or pond, signifying the purification of the soul and body. Following this, they prepare a simple meal, usually consisting of rice, dal, and vegetables, which is offered to the deity before consumption.
2. Kharna (Day 2)
The second day of Chhath Puja is called Kharna, a day of fasting. Devotees fast from sunrise to sunset without consuming even water. In the evening, they break the fast with a meal consisting of kheer (rice pudding), puris, and fruits. This meal is shared with family and neighbors as part of the ritual.
3. Sandhya Arghya (Day 3)
The third day is the most important, where devotees gather to offer prayers to the setting sun, a ritual known as Sandhya Arghya. At Deo Surya Mandir, thousands of devotees stand in the nearby water bodies or the temple’s sacred kund (pond), holding offerings of fruits, sugarcane, coconut, and diyas (earthen lamps) in beautifully decorated soop (winnowing baskets). The temple’s west-facing structure adds to the spiritual aura as the devotees witness the sun descending behind the temple, creating a magical and serene atmosphere.
4. Usha Arghya (Day 4)
On the final day, the devotees again gather at the break of dawn to offer prayers to the rising sun, which is called Usha Arghya. This symbolizes gratitude for the blessings received from Surya Dev. The morning prayers are followed by the breaking of the fast, with devotees distributing prasad (offerings) among friends, family, and neighbors.
The participation of people from all walks of life in the rituals at Deo Surya Mandir makes the occasion a spiritual and communal experience, as they unite in their devotion to Surya Dev.
Architectural Marvel of Deo Surya Mandir
The Deo Surya Mandir is not only a spiritual center but also an architectural wonder. Constructed during the medieval period, the temple features intricate carvings, reflecting a blend of Nagara style architecture with influences from ancient Indian designs. The temple’s towering shikhara (spire) stands as a testament to the craftsmanship of its time, while the stone sculptures inside and outside the temple depict various forms of Surya Dev, his chariot, and horses.
One of the most intriguing aspects of the temple is the absence of a shadow at noon, despite its height and grand structure. This phenomenon has fascinated devotees and researchers alike. The temple complex also includes a sacred kund (water tank), where many devotees perform rituals during Chhath Puja.
Why Deo Surya Mandir Stands Out for Chhath Puja
While Chhath Puja is celebrated across Bihar at various ghats and temples, what sets Deo Surya Mandir apart is its ancient connection to Sun worship and the numerous legends surrounding its origins. It is one of the few temples dedicated specifically to the Sun God, making it a prime location for devotees during Chhath Puja. Additionally, the temple’s historical significance, combined with its unique architectural style, makes it a must-visit for anyone interested in the cultural and spiritual traditions of Bihar.
During the festival, the town of Deo transforms into a bustling hub, with thousands of pilgrims from nearby villages and cities coming to participate in the grand celebration. The temple becomes a sea of light as diyas are lit by the devotees in honor of Surya Dev. The entire atmosphere resonates with the sounds of devotional songs and the chanting of mantras, creating a spiritually charged environment.
Final Thought
The Deo Surya Mandir in Aurangabad, Bihar, is undeniably one of the most famous temples associated with Chhath Puja. Its historical importance, architectural brilliance, and deep spiritual connection to Surya Dev make it a central point of devotion during the festival. Chhath Puja at Deo Surya Mandir offers a unique experience that transcends religious boundaries, as it brings people together to worship nature and the life-sustaining power of the sun.
If you are planning to witness the magic of Chhath Puja, visiting the Deo Surya Mandir should be at the top of your list. The temple not only offers a spiritual journey but also a chance to immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage of Bihar. As devotees bow to the setting and rising sun, the ancient temple stands tall, reminding everyone of the timeless bond between nature, humanity, and divinity.
